THE APPLICATION OF ABRAHAM MASLOW'S THEORY OF NEEDS IN GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

Abstract

This research aims to explore the application of Abraham Maslow's theory of needs in the context of guidance and counseling, as well as its relevance in helping clients meet their psychological needs. Maslow's theory, which consists of five levels of needs, ranging from basic physiological needs to self-actualization, is used as a framework to understand the problems the client faces and design appropriate interventions. The method used in this study is a qualitative study with in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation of clients and counselors. The results of the study show that the fulfillment of basic needs (physiological and safety) is the first step that needs to be considered in the counseling process, because without the fulfillment of these needs, it is difficult for clients to focus on more complex issues, such as social needs or self-esteem. In addition, social needs are an important factor in the formation of the client's psychological well-being, especially in the context of interpersonal relationships and social integration. Once basic and social needs are met, clients can more easily focus on self-development and self-actualization achievement. This research also highlights the importance of adapting Maslow's theory to the client's social and cultural context, especially in societies with high collectivism values, such as in Indonesia. Overall, the application of Maslow's theory in guidance and counseling can help clients understand and meet their needs gradually, thereby achieving more optimal psychological well-being.