ANALYSIS OF JEAN PIAGET'S THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF EDUCATION AND COUNSELING

Abstract

This article aims to evaluate the relevance and contribution of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development in the field of modern education and counseling. This study uses a literature review approach, providing an in-depth analysis of Piaget's theory, the stages of cognitive development (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational), and its practical implications in designing learning strategies and counseling interventions. These findings reveal that the application of Piaget's theory supports developmentally appropriate educational practices and improves age-appropriate counseling approaches. Furthermore, this article highlights the limitations of the theory, especially the universalist perspective and the lack of attention to sociocultural factors. Therefore, integrating Piaget's ideas with other frameworks, such as Vygotsky's, is considered essential to achieve a more holistic and contextual understanding of development.